EICC开贴 _ 工业工程网
EICC第二版发布于2005年10月EICC(electronic inductry code of conduct )《电子行业行为准则》,其通过列出各种标准,以确保电子行业供应链的工作环境安全,工人受到尊重并富有尊严,以及生产流程对环境负责。
本准则对“电子行业”的定义:
原始设备制造商(OEM)、电子制造服务(EMS)公司和原始设计制造(ODM),以及为生产电子产品提供设计、销售、制造和/或商品和服务的订约劳工。电子行业的任何一家企业都可以自愿采用本准则,并应用到其供应链和转包商中。
共五部分
第一部分:劳工(具体可以参考国内最新的劳动合同法以及类似的法律法律,以及ILO-OSH 2001标准:Guidences on occupational safety and health management systems)
劳工标准:
1. 自由选择职业
不使用强迫、抵债或用契约束缚的劳工,或者是非自愿的监狱劳工。所有工作应当是自愿的,并且员工在合理通知的情况下拥有自由离职的权利。不得要求员工上交政府颁发的身份证、护照或工作许可证作为雇用的条件
2. 不用童工
在制造的任何阶段都不得使用童工。“童工”是指未满15 岁(或在该国/地区法律准许的情况下可为 14 岁)、完成强制教育年龄、或该国/地区最低就业年龄而被雇佣的人士。符合所有法律法规的合法工作场所学徒计划则不在此列。然而,所有18岁以下的工人不能执行带有危险性的工作,并且考虑到教育的需要,应限制其进行夜间工作。
3. 工时
有关商业实践的研究显示,生产率降低、离职率以及损伤和疾病的增加与工人疲劳有明显的联系。故此,工作周不应超过当地法律规定的最大限度。另外,除非是紧急或异常情况,一周的工作时间包括加班在内不应超过 60 小时。每周七天应当允许工人至少休息一天。
4. 工资与福利
支付给员工的工资应符合所有适用的工资法律,包括有关最低工资、加班时间和法定福利的法律。依据当地法律的规定,员工的加班工资应高于正常的每小时工资水平。禁止以扣除工资作为纪律处分的手段。应及时通过工资存根或其他类似文件将工资支付依据发给员工。
5. 人道的待遇
不得残暴的和不人道的对待员工,包括任何形式的性骚扰、性虐待、体罚、精神或身体压迫或口头辱骂;也不得威胁进行任何此类行为。
6 不歧视
参与者应承诺员工免受骚扰以及非法歧视。公司不得因人种、肤色、年龄、性别、性倾向、种族、残疾、怀孕、信仰、政治派别、社团成员或婚姻状况等在雇用及实际工作(例如晋升、奖励和受培训等)中歧视员工。另外,不得强迫员工或准员工接受带有歧视性的医学检查。
7 自由结社
员工与管理层之间公开直接的沟通是解决工作场所问题和赔偿问题的最有效方法。参与者应尊重员工的权利,包括依据当地法律自由结社、参加或不参加工会、寻求代表、参加工人委员会。员工应能够在不用担心报复、威胁或骚扰的情况下,公开地就工作条件与管理层沟通。
[ 本帖最后由 nordrassi 于 2008-7-9 23:58 编辑 ]nordrassi (2008-7-09 22:18:11)第二部分:健康与安全 (OHSAS18001-2007)
健康与安全标准:
1. 职业安全
应通过正确的设计、工程技术和管理控制、预防保养和安全操作程序(包括锁死/标出)去控制员工在工作场所会遇到的潜在危险(如电器和其他能源、火、车辆、滑倒、绊倒和坠落危险),。若无法通过上述方法有效控制危险源,应为员工提供适当的个人防护装备。不得通过惩戒来提高员工的安全意识
2. 应急准备
应确认并评估紧急情况和事件,以及通过实施应急方案和应变程序来将其影响降到最低,包括:紧急报告、通知员工和撤离步骤、工人培训和演练、适当的火灾探测和灭火装置、充足的出口设施和恢复计划
3 职业伤害与疾病
应当制定程序和体系来管理、跟踪和报告职业伤害与疾病,包括以下规定:a)鼓励员工报告;b)归类和记录伤害和疾病案例;c)提供必要的治疗;d)调查案例并执行纠正措施以消除类似情况;e)协助员工返回工作岗位
4. 工业卫生
应当鉴别、评定并控制由化学、生物以及物理因素给员工带来的影响。当无法通过工程技术和管理手段有效控制危险源,应该为员工提供适当的个人防护装备。
5 体力需求高的工作
应当鉴别、评估并控制从事高体力劳动工作给员工带来的影响,包括人工搬运材料和提举重物、长时间站立和高度重复或强力的装配工作
6 机器防护
应当为工人所使用的机械提供物理防护装置、联动装置以及屏障,并正确地进行维护。
7 宿舍和餐厅
应为员工提供干净的卫生间设施、饮用水以及清洁的食物预备和存储设施。参与者或劳工代理机构提供的员工宿舍应当干净、安全,并提供紧急出口、充足的供暖和通风以及合理的私人空间
[ 本帖最后由 nordrassi 于 2008-7-9 22:35 编辑 ]nordrassi (2008-7-09 22:20:27)第三部分:环境 (ISO14001-2004以及QC080000)
环境标准:
1 环境许可和报告
应获取所有必需的环境许可证(如排放监控)并登记,亦要对之进行维护并时常更新,以及遵守许可证的操作和报告要
2 预防污染和节约资源
应在在源头上或通过实践(如改进生产、维护和设施工艺、替换材料、节约自然资源、材料回收和重用)减少和消除所有类型的耗费(包括水和能源
3 有害物质
应当识别和控制释放到环境中会造成危险的化学物质及其他物质,以确保这些物质得到安全的处理、运输、存储、回收或重用和处置
4 废水及固体废物
经营、工业加工以及卫生设施所产生的废水和固体废物,在排放或处置之前应按照要求进行监控、控制和处理
5 空气排放
在运营过程中产生的挥发性有机化学物质、气雾剂、微粒、臭氧消耗化学品以及燃烧副产品等空气排放物,在排放之前应按要求辨别、监控、控制和处
6 产品含量限制
参与者应当遵守所有关于禁止或限制特定物质的适用法律法规,包括有关再生和处置标识的法律法规。另外,参与者同样要遵照客户要求的特定限制及有害物质清单进行加工
[ 本帖最后由 nordrassi 于 2008-7-9 22:36 编辑 ]nordrassi (2008-7-09 22:24:29)第四部分:管理体系(此部分对于已经建立起质量管理体系的公司来说是相当简单的)
管理体系应包含的要素:
1 公司的承诺
公司的社会及环境责任声明应确实参与者守法以及持续改善的承诺。
2 管理职责与责任
明确指定公司代表去负责保证管理体系的实施并定期检查的有关状况
3 法律和客户要求
鉴定、监控并理解适用的法律法规和客户要求
4 风险评价和风险管理
应制定一套程序,以识别和参与者经营有关的环境、健康与安全2以及劳工实践风险。确定每项风险的级别,实施适当的程序和实质控制,以确保合规性并对已识别出来的风险实施控制
5 附有实施计划和措施的绩效目标
应制定书面标准、绩效目标、指标和实施计划,包括依据这些目标对参与者的绩效进行定期评估
6 培训
应为管理层及员工制定培训计划,以落实参与者的政策、程序及改善目标
7 沟通
应制定一套程序,将参与者的绩效、实践和预期目标清晰准确地传达给员工、供应商和客户
8 员工反馈和参与
制定方案持续评估员工对本准则的理解并获取对本准则所覆盖的实践和条件的反馈意见。
9 审核与评估
定期进行自我评估,以确保符合法律法规的要求、本准则内容以及客户合约中的社会与环境责任要求
10 矫正措施
制定程序,以及时纠正在内、外部的评估、检查、调查和审核中所发现的不足之处。
11 文件和记录
建立文档和记录,以确保符合法规与公司的要求,同时应妥善保护机密
[ 本帖最后由 nordrassi 于 2008-7-9 22:26 编辑 ]nordrassi (2008-7-09 22:30:52)第五部分:道德规范 (此部分如果要过审核是最简单的,只要有文件在那就OK,但是既然上升到道德的高度了,真正做到的恐怕没有吧,我把此部分理解为电子行业的理想王国,意思仅仅就是给你画个圈圈,也可以用理解“大同世界”的思想来理解它。
1 廉洁经营
所有商业的互动关系中都应遵循最高的诚信标准。任何及所有形式的贪污、敲诈勒索和挪用公款等行为都必须明令禁止,以免立即被令停业和受到法律制裁
2 无不正当收益
不得提供或接受贿赂或其他形式的不正当收益
3 信息公开
依照适用法规和主要的行业惯例公开有关商业活动、组织结构、财务状况和绩效的信息
4 知识产权
应尊重知识产权;技术和生产经验的转让要妥善保护知识产权
5 公平交易、广告和竞争
应制定公平交易、广告和竞争的标准,并提供保护客户信息的措施
6 身份保密
应制定程序,以保护供应商和员工检举者身份的机密性
7 社区参与
鼓励参与社区活动,以推动社会和经济的发展nordrassi (2008-7-09 23:35:30)Overall Audit Result:
Green: 0 NoncompliantRed Questions and Compliance Percentage > 85%
Yellow: 1 to 2 Noncompliant Red questions or Compliance Percentage >65% andPlease explain how you got this job, especially the steps that you and the company took to the extent that you know (advertisement, friend, relative, labor agency, brokerhttp://www.chinaie.net/
请解释你是怎样获得这份工作的,特别是获得的过程(如招聘广告,朋友介绍,亲戚关系,中介所,介绍等)
2 Are labor contracts signed with the workers where legally required?
你签订的劳动合同是否合法?(比如是否所有雇员都签署了劳动合同,单次合同的时间跨度,试用期的规定等)
Some countries require contracts to be signed between the worker and the Supplier, to ensure the worker is provided with documentation of their legal rights and responsibilties.Verify that such contracts are signed where required and that they contain all terms required by law.
(合同是否交由雇员自己保留一份)
3 The facility assures that its workers are free to enter and exit the facility and housing during their non-work hours except as required by law.
出去法律特别要求之外,公司雇员在非工作时间是否可以自由进出工厂以及车间
Management should have practices in place that eliminate unreasonable restrictions placed on the movement of workers.Workers should be free to leave the supplier location or dormitory when not engaged in work.Doors are locked only for normal business and housing security reasons and do not prevent emergency egress.
应该有可行的程序来排除雇员自由活动的非恰当约束。 当雇员不再从事该工作时可以自由离开工厂或者宿舍,除紧急通道之外,处于正常的安全考虑以及商业活动,门可以上锁
Worker questions:(员工调查问题)
> What are the rules, policies, and procedures for you to leave your work area when your shift is over?
当换班时,有怎样的规定,政策,程序来定义你可以离开工作区域
> Are you free to leave the factory when your shift is over?
当换班时,你是否可以自由离开工厂
4 The facility assures that its workers are free to quit their job and leave upon reasonable notice, with no penalty.
雇员可以放弃自己的工作,在适当通知的前提下可以自由离开,且不能财政惩罚
Inquire into the existence of labor contracts that a hiring agent may use to limit the workers’ ability to voluntarily terminate their employment.Verify that workers may quit their jobs with one or two weeks notice.There should be no financial penalty to workers for quitting if they have given reasonable notice.The notice period should be documented and communicated to workers.(强调通知的文件化以及知悉到员工)
5 Workers are not required to pay a deposit upon being hired.
雇员被雇佣时不需要交纳保证金
Bonded labor refers to situations where workers work to pay a debt, which is often incurred by another person, offering the worker’s labor in exchange.Verify that workers are not required to pay off any indebtedness - such as a deposit or employment fee - the the facility or employment agency.Workers should not have any deductions from their pay other than local taxes and agreed-upon fees for meals, lodging, uniforms, etc.
Worker questions:(员工调查问题)(旨在考量雇员在受雇过程中的不正当性)
> Do you owe anyone anything for obtaining or helping you obtain your job? If yes, how much do you owe? If not money, what do you owe to the person(s)?
你是否欠了某人的东西而在他的帮助下获得这份工作,?如果是,你欠了多少,如果不是钱,那你欠的是何物?
> Do you owe the company for any reason (loans, moving expenses, etc.)? If yes, please explain the terms, including how much you owe, are theri penalties of any kind, what are the expectations of repayment, are there circumstances that would result in this debt being forgiven?
你是否欠公司某人的债务,如果是,请解释期限,多少钱。。。。
> Is management withholding any portion of your salary, wages, or bonus? Please explain why they are holding your salary, how much, for what reason and when you will receive it.
公司是否有克扣你薪水,奖金,请解释为什么要克扣,克扣多少,是什么原因,什么时候?tanzhiwen (2008-7-10 07:52:56)EICC?
一个好听的名字,个人接触到一五百强的企业,在那里只是一个空壳!
没多少实际上的东西,只是表面的!nordrassi (2008-7-10 22:33:37)(Freely Chosen Employment)
6 The facility does not withhold workers’ government-issued identification (passports or work permits) upon hire.
当雇佣员工时,不能扣留员工的证明资料,比如户口簿,工作许可证
Government-issued identification, passports or work permits are not withheld from the worker. In some cases employers are required to place a Security Bond or maintain legal documentation/travel documents/work visas for foreign workers.In some countries, local law places the responsibility of foreign workers' immigration status (legal/illegal) in the hands of the employer. This is done not to restrict the worker but to ensure that if the worker does terminate employment they go back to their country of origin as required by local law and not become illegal workers in the country. In all cases, this should be done with the full knowledge, permission and participation of the worker.
具体描述不作解释了
Worker questions:(员工调查问题)
> Is anyone in the factory or company holding your original passport or identification card? Can you explain why this is being done and where it is being held?
公司是否有人扣留你的证件,能解释为什么这么做吗?扣留的证件保存在哪里?
> What are the rules, policies and procedures for getting it back?
有什么程序,规定员工怎么拿回自己的证件
nordrassi (2008-7-10 22:36:58)7 Are workers free to choose and use external medical facilities ?
员工是否可以自由选择在外就医?
Example of a noncompliant practice:refusal to permit workers to use external medical facilities for personal health care when on-site infirmaries exist.
比如当工厂内部有医疗条件时,不允许员工赴外就医(此点可通过采访人力资源部,EHS,及员工来获得求证)nordrassi (2008-7-10 22:45:17)8 Are workers allowed access to basic liberties?
雇员是否享有基本的自由? (求证政策,采访员工等)
Supplier does not place unreasonable restrictions on movement of workers and basic liberties (bathroom, drinking water, use of medical facilities, etc.)Access to such basic liberties should not be limited to specific times of day.
工厂没有限制员工自由移动以及其他一些基本权利(洗漱,饮水,使用医疗用品等),且此种权利不能应为特殊时间段而受到限制
Worker questions:(员工调查问题)
> Please explain the facility's restroom use policy. Are there any specific procedures that you need to follow (e.g., gaining supervisor approval, only on break, etc.)?
请解释获得休息的政策,你是否需要遵循特定的程序?(比如获得主管的批准)
> Are there any limits placed by anyone on how often you may use the restroom?
是否有限制获得休息的频率?nordrassi (2008-7-10 22:53:06)(Child Labor Avoidance)
9 Are there workers below the minimum age working at the facility ?
工厂是否不适龄的雇员?(此点可能会有部分工厂做不到,特别是小作坊式的工厂,地下工厂等)
Supplier only employs workers above the legal age of employment.
Supplier ensures that the only children present are in approved areas, separate from work area, such as in day care facilities.
If noncompliant, include the ages of child workers and judgement on how pervasive the use of child labor is at this facility.
只能雇佣法律规定年龄以上的员工。。。。。。主要是指不能使用童工,以及18岁以下的工人不能执行带有危险性的工作,并且考虑到教育的需要,应限制其进行夜间工作
Worker questions:(员工调查问题)
> What is your date of birth? (verify via employee ID / factory records)
你的出生日期是什么时候?(通过记录,雇员身份证来确认)
> Do children ever work here or help their parents with work?If yes, when and where do they work? What kind of things do they do when they are here?
是否有童工在此协助其父母亲工作?如果是的,他什么开始的?在哪里工作?是何种工作?nordrassi (2008-7-10 22:57:06)10 The facility reviews, validates and keeps on file legal proof of age documentation upon hire for all potential workers.
公司通过审核,确认并保存雇员的年龄档案
Inquire into the company's hiring practices to see how age is verified before a worker is hired.The company should check for reliable proof of age and retain a copy of the relevant document verifying age on file.Ask the responsible person how the company determines that a document is genuine rather than a forgery or copy.Ask to review a ramdom sample of worker records.Examples of age documentation includes birth certificates, local records, passports, family book, school diplomas etc.Determine if valid proof of age is on file for all sampled workers.
通过调查实际操作过程,及文件记录和程序等来确认tanzhiwen (2008-7-11 07:55:08)雇员可以放弃自己的工作,在适当通知的前提下可以自由离开,且不能财政惩罚
这个太笼统了吧?
适当的时候?什么叫适当的时候啊?nordrassi (2008-7-15 23:54:15)QUOTE:
<blockquote style="border: 1px dotted #DDD; margin: 0 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; line-height: 1.8em;">原帖由 tanzhiwen 于 2008-7-11 07:55 发表 http://www.chinaie.net/
雇员可以放弃自己的工作,在适当通知的前提下可以自由离开,且不能财政惩罚
这个太笼统了吧?
适当的时候?什么叫适当的时候啊? 这里的适当是指离辞必须提前通知公司,人事政策肯定会有这个规定的,比如员工离职必须提前几天提出,职员离职必须提前几天。nordrassi (2008-7-16 00:15:22)(Child Labor Avoidance)
11. The facility restricts the type of work performed and number of hours for workers under the age of 18 (such as a limit to the hours they can work or whether or not they can work with hazardous chemicalshttp://www.chinaie.net/
针对18岁以下的员工应该规定他们的工作种类以及工作时间。(比如不能从事与有害化学物质有关的工作)
Supplier ensures that young workers are working within appropriate conditions of employment: including legal working hours, restrictions on overtime hours, not working within school hours, not working under hazardous conditions
(法定的工作时间,加班时间的限制,不能在带危害的条件的工作
12. The facility has a procedure to respond to discovery of workers below the legal age.
(如发现有低于法定年龄的雇员,应有相应的程序作出反应)
Indicate what that procedure includes. Procedure should include policies and programmes that assist underage children found working in the facility.Underage workers should not be discharged or fined.Determine if the company moves them into proper apprenticeship positions, restricting their hours and type of work and accommodates educational needs, as required.
(即要求相关文件对此种情况的处理作出规定)
13. Does the facility consider access to basic educational needs for workers below the age for compulsory education?
应该是针对义务教育未完成的员工作一些必要的基础教育培训,可广义理解此点
In most countries, companies must ensure a young worker's educational needs are met until they reach the maximum age for compulsory education.This typically includeslimited work hours, not working during school hours, and other methods to ensure a school-age worker can complete compulsory education.Provide comments on how the facility considers basic educational needs.
在招聘政策里面可规定条件是必须完成九年义务教育的人员
14. Does the facility have a clear programme for hiring, training, and promoting apprentices?
公司是否有清晰的项目计划来培训,提升员工?
Apprentice programs are regulated by law in most countries, with specific limits on number of hours worked, duration of training period, and number of times the same worker can be classified as a trainee.In some cases, for the period of training, apprentice programs payment may legally be below minimum wage.
For regular workers, suppliers must comply with limits on the duration of the training period which must be strictly followed and wages must be raised to normal pay rates.Legitimate internship programs where a student gains work experience related to their major field of study are also acceptable.
Ask the responsible person to explain the local laws on trainees and apprentices.Determine if workers are kept on trainee wages beyond legally specified durations.
(Working Hours)
15. Are workers allowed legally mandated breaks?
讲到工作时间与休息时间的规定
Workers are provided with mandated meal and rest breaks, rest days, leave periods, holidays, and vacation days per local law requirements. Most countries require workers to be given a 20 or 30 minutes break every two or four hours, as well as a defined meal break.Compare the company's practices to local legal requirements.
Worker questions:(员工调查问题)
> What breaks are you supposed to be given and for how long is each? (Morning - first part of work time; lunch - mid-work time; afternoon/evening - later part of work time)
> How often do you get these breaks and how long do you normally take?tanzhiwen (2008-7-16 08:09:03)QUOTE:
<blockquote style="border: 1px dotted #DDD; margin: 0 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; line-height: 1.8em;">原帖由 nordrassi 于 2008-7-15 23:54 发表 http://www.chinaie.net/
这里的适当是指离辞必须提前通知公司,人事政策肯定会有这个规定的,比如员工离职必须提前几天提出,职员离职必须提前几天。 按你这么说就可以说得过去了!如果文件上面只是适应的时候那就不行!sun0 (2008-7-16 09:01:58)EICC好像很多公司都是比較少進行吧。nordrassi (2008-7-16 15:06:30)QUOTE:
<blockquote style="border: 1px dotted #DDD; margin: 0 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; line-height: 1.8em;">原帖由 sun0 于 2008-7-16 09:01 发表 http://www.chinaie.net/
EICC好像很多公司都是比較少進行吧。 目前确实很少公司在进行,但是在客户的带动与要求下推行EICC的企业应该会越来越多。另外我们换个角度来看EICC的话就会发现,EICC的第二,第三部分的主题是健康,安全,环境,与ISO14001和OHSAS18001的内容重合,所以我们可以理解为“新瓶装旧酒”。EICC开贴的目的也就是以此为切口初步的来探讨学习在企业怎么做好职业健康安全环境的管理。
EICC与ISO14001,OHASA18001条款的对比我后续会整理一个表格出来!tanzhiwen (2008-7-16 15:21:50)QUOTE:
<blockquote style="border: 1px dotted #DDD; margin: 0 1em 1em; padding: 0.5em; line-height: 1.8em;">原帖由 nordrassi 于 2008-7-16 15:06 发表 http://www.chinaie.net/
目前确实很少公司在进行,但是在客户的带动与要求下推行EICC的企业应该会越来越多。另外我们换个角度来看EICC的话就会发现,EICC的第二,第三部分的主题是健康,安全,环境,与ISO14001和OHSAS18001的内容重合 ... 可惜EICC与我们现在N多企业的14000还有18000一样,空空如也!RH888 (2008-7-18 14:08:32)多谢楼主!
得好好研读一下,收藏啦!:)小跟班 (2008-7-20 17:36:44)感谢楼主提供,辛苦了,好好学习一下! 其实我是奉吧主大人之命来顶贴的... 加油!加油~ 神贴 果断留名 呦呦窃克闹! 有竞争才有进步嘛 路过,支持一下啦 写的真的很不错 神贴 果断留名 有竞争才有进步嘛